COMPETITIVE EXAM FACT SHEET
BUY This in PDF FormatName of the Book Author
● My Experiments with Truth Mahatma Gandhi
● Hind Swaraj Mahatma Gandhi
● Key to Health Mahatma Gandhi
● Discovery of India Jawaharlal Nehru
● Glimpses of World History Jawaharlal Nehru
● The Indian Struggle 1920-1942 Subhash Chandra Bose
● My Truth Indira Gandhi
● Golden Threshold Sarojini Naidu
● The Broken Wing, Songs of Life, Death & the Spring Sarojini Naidu
● The Birds of Time, Songs of Life, Death & the Spring Sarojini Naidu
● The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India Sarojini Naidu
● The Feather of the Dawn Sarojini Naidu
● India Divided Dr. Rajendra Prasad
● India Wins Freedom Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
● Ghubar-e-khatir Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
● Unhappy IndiaLala Lajpat Rai
● Poverty and Un-British Rule in India Dadabhai Naoroji
● Geeta Rahashya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
● The Arctic Home in the Vedas Bal Gangadhar Tilak
● The Indian War of Independence of 1857 V.D. Savarkar
● The Insider PV Narasimha Rao
● My Country My Life LK Advani
● Wings of Fire APJ Abdul Kalam
● Ignited Minds APJ Abdul Kalam
● You Are Unique APJ Abdul Kalam
● India 2020 APJ Abdul Kalam
● Indomitable Spirit APJ Abdul Kalam
● Turning Points - A Journey through Challenges APJ Abdul Kalam
● Target 3 Billion APJ Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh
● My Journey - Transforming Dreams into Actions APJ Abdul Kalam
● Governance for Growth in India APJ Abdul Kalam
● Jobs for Our Millions VV Giri
● Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler
● My Presidential Years R Venkataraman
● My Own Boswell M Hidyatullah
● Prison Diary Jayaprakash Narayan
● Without Fear or Favour Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
● Midnight Diaries Boris Yelstin
● The Audacity of Hope Barrack Obama
● Dreams From My Father Barrack Obama
● Indian Philosophy Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
● Hindu View of Life Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
● Matters of Discretion: An Autobiography I K Gujral
● A View from the Outside P Chidambaram
● Undaunted, Saving the Idea of India P Chidambaram
● Back to Work Bill Clinton
● Hard Choices Hillary Clinton
● Long Walk to Freedom Nelson Mandela
● Beyond Survival: Emerging Dimensions of Indian EconomyShri Pranab Mukherjee
● The saga of Struggle and Sacrifice Shri Pranab Mukherjee
● Challenges before the NationShri Pranab Mukherjee
● The Dramatic Decade: The Days of Indira Gandhi Shri Pranab Mukherjee
● Changing India Dr. Manmohan Singh
● Exam Warriors Narendra Modi
● My Unforgettable Memories Mamata Banerjee
● Citizen and Society Hamid Ansari
● Citizen Delhi: My Life, My Times Sheila Dikshit
● India Unmade Yashwant Sinha
Books by Sportspersons
Name of the Book Author
● Goal! Dhyan Chand
● The Race of my Life Milkha Singh
● At Close of Play Ricky Ponting
● Unbreakable M.C. Mary Kom
● Playing it my way Sachin Tendulkar & Boria Majumdar
● A Shot at History: My Obsessive Journey to Olympic Gold Abhinav Bindra
● Six Machine: I don't like cricket. I love it Chris Gayle
● Ace Against Odds Sania Mirza
● Playing to WinSaina Nehwal
● Serve to Win Novak Djokovic
● Born Again on the Mountain Arunima Sinha
● Wide Angle Anil Kumble
● Straight from the Heart; Cricket, My Style Kapil Dev
● A Long Innings Vijay Hazare
● One More Over EAS Prasanna
● Sunny Days; Idols; Runs & Ruins Sunil Gavaskar
● The Test of My Life Yuvraj Singh
● All Round View Imran Khan
● Wasim Wasim Akram
● Controversially Yours Shoaib Akhtar
● Faster than Lightning: My Story Usain Bolt
● Open: An Autobiography Andre Agassi
● No Limits: The Will to Succeed Michael Phelps
● Rafa: My Story Rafael Nadal
● Undisputed Truth: My Autobiography Mike Tyson
● It's not about the Bike: My Journey Back to Life Lance Armstrong
● No Holding Back Michael Holding
● Menace: The Autobiography Dennis Lillee
● Hitting Across the Line Vivian Richards
● Shape Yourself; Killer Instinct; Tennis my Way Martina Navratilova
● Head On; Beefy's Cricket Tales Ian Botham
● One Century is Not Enough Saurav Ganguly
● Imperfect Sanjay Manjrekar
● No Spin: My Autobiography Shane Warne
● Unguarded Mithali Raj
● Mind Master Vishwanathan Anand
Important English Titles by Indian Authors
Name of the Book Author
● Train to Pakistan Khuswant Singh
● The Freethinkers Prayer Book Khuswant Singh
● Autobiography of an unknown IndianNirad C Chaudhary
● The Passage to England Nirad C Chaudhary
● Coolie Mulk Raj Anand
● The Guide RK Narayan
● Swami and his friendsRK Narayan
● Kanthapura Raja Rao
● Serpent and the rope Raja Rao
● Cry, the peacock Anita Desai
● The Artist of Disappearance Anita Desai
● The Village by the Sea Anita Desai
● Rich Like Us Nayantara Sehgal
● A Time to be Happy Nayantara Sehgal
● Continent of Circe Nirad C Chaudhari
● Midnight’s Children Salman Rushdie
● Satanic Verses Salman Rushdie
● A Suitable Boy Vikram Seth
● The Glass Palace Amitav Ghosh
● River of Smoke Amitav Ghosh
● The God of Small Things Arundhati Roy
● Walking with the Comrades Arundhati Roy
● Interpreter of Maladies Jhumpa Lahiri
● The Lowland Jhumpa Lahiri
● In Other Words Jhumpa Lahiri
● The Inheritance of Loss Kiran Desai
● The Mammaries of a Welfare State Upmanyu Chatterjee
● White Tiger Arvind Adiga
● Last Man in Tower Arvind Adiga
● Witness by Night Kishwar Desai
● Narcopolis Jeet Thayil
● Chronicle of a Corpse Bearer Cyrus Mistry
● Sleeping on Jupiteer Anuradha Roy
● The Lives of Others Neel Mukherjee
List of the Major Deserts of the World
1. Sahara
Region: Northern Africa
2. Barberton, Simpson, Gibson, Australia Stuart, Victoria
Region: Australia
3. Nafud, Hamada
Region: Saudi Arabia
4. Gobi
Region: Mongolia and China
5. Kalahari
Region: Botswana
6. Taklamakan
Region: Sikiang province of China
7. Sonoran
Region: USA & Mexico
8. Namib
Region: Namibia
9. Karakum
Region: Turkmenistan
10. Thar
Region: India and Pakistan
Physiography of India
11. Somalian
Region: Somalia
13. Atacama
Region: Northern Chile
14. Kyzyl Kum
Region: Uzbekistan
15. Dast-E-Lut
Region: Eastern Iran
16. Dasht-e-Kavir
Region: Northern Iran
17. Mojave (Pronounced Mohave)
Region: USA
18. Centura
Region: USA
19. Sierra Nevada
Region: USA
20. Patagonia
Region: Argentina
Important Cities on River Banks (World)
City Country River
● Adelaide Australia Torrens
● Amsterdam Netherlands Amsel
● Alexandria Egypt Nile
● AnkaraTurkey Kazil
● Bangkok Thailand Chao Praya
● Basra Iraq Elupharates and Tigris
● Baghdad Iraq Tigris
● Berlin Germany Spree
● Bonn Germany Rhine
● Budapest Hungary Danube
● Bristol UK Avon
● Buenos Alres Argentina Laplata
● Chittagong Bangladesh Maiyani
● CantonChina Si-Kiang
● Cairo Egypt Nile
● Chung King China Yang-tse-king
● Cologne Germany Rhine
● Dandzing Germany Vistula
● Dresden Germany Elbe
● Dublin Ireland Liffy
● Hamburg Germany Elbe
● Kabul Afghanistan Kabul
● Karachi Pakistan Indus
● Khartoum Sudan Confluence of Blue & White Nile
● LahorePakistan Ravi
● Leningrad Russia Neva
● Lisbon Portugal Tagus
● Liverpool England Messey
● London England Thames
● Moscow Russia Moskva
● Montreal Canada St. Lawrence
● Nanking China Yang-tse-kiang
● New Orelans U.S.A. Mississipi
● New York U.S.A. Hudson
● OttawaCanada Ottawa
● Paris FranceSeine
● Philadelphia U.S.A. Delaware
● Perth Australia Swan
● PragueCzech Republic Vitava
● Quebec Canada St. Lawrence
● Rome Italy Tiber
● Rotterdam The Netherlands New mass
● Stalingrad Russia Volga
● Shanghai China Yang-tse-kiang
● Sidney Australia Darling
● Saint Luis U.S.A. Mississippi
● Tokyo Japan Arakava
● Vienna Austria Danube
● Warsaw PolandVistula
● Washington D.C. U.S.A. Potomac
● Yangoon Myanmar Irawaddy
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES
Scientific Instruments Uses Inventors
● Altimeter An instrument used in aircraft for measuring altitudes French physicist Louis Paul Cailletet
● Ammeter Measures electric current Friedrich Drexler
● Anemometer Used to measure the speed, direction and pressure of the wind. Leon Battista Alberti
● Audiometer Measures intensity of sound Georg von Békésy (1899-1972; winner of the Nobel Prize), a Hungarian-American physicist.
● Barograph Continuous recording of atmospheric pressure Frenchman Lucien Vidi
● Barometer Measures atmospheric pressure and conditions. Evangelista Torricelli
● Binoculars An optical instrument used for magnified view of distant objects. J. P. Lemiere
● Bolometer Measures infra-red (Heat) radiation. Samuel Pierpont Langley
● Callipers Measures diameters of thin cylinder/wire. Pierre Vernier
● Calorimeter Measures quantity of heat Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon
● Carburettor Used for charging air with petrol vapours in an internal combustion
engine. The first carburetor was invented by Samuel Morey in 1826. Later, Enrico Bernardi developed another carburetor at the University of Padua in 1882
● Cardiogram(ECG) Traces movements of the heart , recorded on a Cardiograph Willem Einthoven
● Cathetometer Determines heights and levels French physicists P. Dulong and A. Petit(1816)
● Chronometer Determines longitude of a vessel at sea. John Harrison
● Cinematograph Used for projecting pictures on the screen. Auguste Lumière
● Colorimeter Compares intensity of colors John T. Stock
● Commutator Used in generators to reverse the direction of electric current. British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832
● Crescograph Used for measuring growth in plants.Jagadish Chandra Bose
● Cryometer Measurement of low temperature.
● Cyclotron Used for accelerating charged particles in microwave oscillator Ernest Lawrence
● Dilatometer Measures change in volume of substances Abbe and Fizeau in the second half of 19th century
● Dynamo Coverts mechanical energy into electrical energy Michael Faraday
● Electrometer Measures very small but potential difference in electric currents William Snow Harris
● Electrometer Used for measuring electrical potential difference.
● Electroscope Detects presence of an electric Charge William Gilbert
● Electron microscope Used to obtain a magnifying view of very small objects (20,000 times). Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska
● Endoscope To examine internal parts of the body Bozzini
● Fathometer Measures depth of the ocean Herbert Grove Dorsey (April 24, 1876 – 1961)
● Fluxmeter Measures magnetic flux Muller Martin
● Galvanometer Measures electric current Johann Schweigger
● Gramophone Used to reproducing recorded sound. French inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville
● Hydrometer Measures the relative density of liquids William Nicholson
● Hydrophone Measure sound under water Reginald Fessenden
● Hygrometer Used to measure the moisture content or the humidity of air or any gas. Horace Bénédict de Saussure
● Hygroscope Shows the changes in atmospheric humidityRobert Hooke
● Hypsometer Determines boiling point of liquids. Wayne R Norman
● Lactometer Measures the relative density of milk. Mr. Dicas
● Machmeter Determines the speed of an aircraft relative to the speed of sound Angst Walter
● Manometer Compares magnetic movement and fields Otton von Guerick
● Manometer Used to measure atmospheric pressure
● Micrometer Coverts sound waves into electrical vibration William Gascoigne
● Microphone Converts sound waves into electrical signals. Emile Berliner
● Microscope Used to obtain a magnified view of small objects Zacharias Janssen
● Nephetometer Measures the scattering of light by particles suspended in a liquid Theodore William Richards
● Odometer An instrument attached to the wheel of a vehicle, to measure the distance travelled. Benjamin Franklin
● Ohmmeter Measures electrical resistance of objects Osvold Robert Harold
● Ondometer Measures the frequency of electromagnetic waves(radio waves)
● Optometer Used for testing the refractive power of the eye. Dr Jules Badal
● Otoscope Used for visual examination of the eardrum. E. Seigle
● Periscope Used to view objects above sea level (Used in submarines). Hippolyte Marié-Davy
● Phonograph Used for reproducing sound. Thomas Edison
● Photometer Compares the luminous intensity of the two sources of lightDmitry Lachinov
● Polygraph It simultaneously records changed in physiological processes such as heartbeat, blood pressure & the respiration (used as lie detector) William Moulton Marston
● Pyrheliometer Used for measuring Solar radiation. C. G. ABBOTT
● Pyrometer Measures very high temperature. Josiah Wedgwood
● Quadrant Measures altitudes and angles in navigation and astronomy John Hadley
● Radar Radio, Detection and Ranging. Heinrich Hertz
● Rain Gauge Measures Rainfall. King Sejong the Great
● Refractometer Measures salinity of solutionsErnst Abbe
● Refractometer Measures a Refractive Index of a substance. Carl Zeiss
● Sextant Used by navigators to find the latitude of place by measuring the elevation above the horizon of the sun or another star; also used to measure the height of very distant objects John Campbell
● Sextant Used for measuring angular distance between two objects.
● Siesmograph Used for recording the intensity and origin of earthquakes shocks. John Milne
● Spectroscope Used for Spectrum analysis. Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
● Speedometer An instrument used for measuring speed of the vehicle. Croatian Josip Belušić in 1888
● Spherometer Measures curvature of spherical objects. Robert-Aglaé Cauchoix
● Sphygmomanometer Measures blood pressure. Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch in 1881
● Stethoscope Used for hearing and analysing the sound of Heart. René Laennec
● Tachometer To determine speed, especially the rotational speed of a shaft(rpm) James W. Allen
● Tangent galvanometer Measure the amount of direct current(DC) André-Marie Ampère
● Telemeter Records physical happenings at a distant place(space) C. Michalke
● Telescope Used for magnified view of distant objects. Hans Lippershey
● Thermometer Measures Temperature Galileo Galilei
● Thermostat Automatically regulates temperatures at a constant point. Warren S. Johnson
● Tonometer Measures the pitch of a sound John Austin
● Transformer An apparatus used for converting high voltage to low and vice-versa without change in its frequency. Ottó Bláthy
● Transponder To receive a signal and transmit a reply immediately in satellites. Charles M Redman
● Venturimeter Measures the rate of flow of liquids Clemens Herschel
● VernierMeasures Small sub-division of scale. Pierre Vernier
● Viscometer Measures Viscosity of liquid. Edward H Zeitfuchs
● Voltmeter Used to measure electric potential difference between two points Andrew Kay
● Wattmeter To measure electric power Ottó Bláthy
● Wavemeter To measure the wavelength of a radiowave(high frequency waves)Paul D Zottu
some important certificates issued by the ISO in various fields.
S.N.
Certificate Name
Field
1.
ISO 9001
Quality Management
2.
ISO 14001
Environmental Management
3.
ISO 22000
Food Safety Management
4.
ISO 13485
Medical Devices
5.
ISO 20121
Sustainable Events
6.
ISO 639
Language Codes
7.
ISO 45001
Occupational Health and Safety
8.
ISO 4217
Currency Codes
9.
ISO 37001
Anti-Bribery Management Systems
10.
ISO/IEC 17025
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
11.
ISO 26000
Social Responsibility
12.
ISO 8601
Date and Time Format
13.
ISO 31000
Risk Management
14. ISO 3166
Country Codes
15.
ISO 50001
Energy Management
16.
ISO/IEC 27001
Information Security Management
Deficiency Diseases/Conditions
Name of the disease Linked with the deficiency of
● Night Blindness Vitamin A
● Beri Beri Vitamin B
● Scurvy Vitamin C
● Rickets Vitamin D
● Sterility Vitamin E
● Impaired blood clotting Vitamin K
● Anaemia Iron
● Osteoporosis Calcium
● Goitre Iodine
● Kwashiorkor Protein
● Xeropthalmia Vitamin A
● Hypokalemia Potassium
● Hyponatremia Sodium
● Hypomagnesemia Magnesium
● Pellagra Niacin
Diseases transmitted by Animals
Animal/Bird/Insect Disease
● Tsetse fly Sleeping Sickness
● Sand fly Kala Azar
● Anopheles mosquito Malaria
● Rodents Bubonic Plague
● Rodents Leptospirosis
● Rodents Hantavirus Syndromes
● Dogs Rabies
● Animals in general Anthrax
● Rabbits Tularemia
● PoultryAvian Influenza or Bird Flu
● Pigs (through Culex mosquitoes) Japanese Encephalitis
● Mosquito Dengue, West Nile Fever, Yellow Fever
● Ticks Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, Lyme
● Fruit bats Nipah virus infection
● Note: Diseases which can be transmitted from animals to humans and vice-versa are called zoonotic diseases.
Doctors and their Specialisations
Doctor Specialisation
● Neurologist Nervous system
● Nephrologist Kidney
● Endocrinologist Endocrine glands
● Gastroenterologist Digestive system
● Hepatologist Liver, pancreas and biliary tree
● HaemotologistBlood
● Rheumatologist Joints, muscles, and bones
● Pulmonologist Respiratory tract
● Ophthalmologist Eyes
● Oncologist Cancer
● Dermatologist Skin
● Gerontologist Aged persons
● Pediatrician Infants and children
● Podiatrist Feet
Important Age Limits in Indian Constitution.
Description Age Limit Article
● Minimum age for election to the post of President 35 years Article 58 (1) (b)
● Minimum age for election to the post of Vice-President 35 years Article 66 (3)(b)
● Minimum age for election to the post of Governor 35 years Article 157
● Minimum age for election as MP (Lok Sabha) 25 years Article 84(b)
● Minimum age for election as MLA 25 years Article 173(b)
● Minimum age for election as MP (Rajya Sabha) 30 years Article 84(b)
● Minimum age for election as MLC 30 years Article 173(b)
● Upper age limit for appointment as a judge of Supreme Court 65 years 124(2)
● Upper age limit for appointment as a member of a Union Commission 65 years 316(2)
● Upper age limit for appointment as a judge of High court 62 years Article 217(1)
● Upper age limit for appointment as a member of State Commission 62 years 316(2)
● Minimum age for election as a member of a Panchayat 21 years 243F (1)(a)
● Minimum age for election as a member of a Municipality 21 years 243V (1)(a)
● Minimum age limit for employment in a factory 14 years Article 24
● Minimum age for registration as a voter 18 years Article 326
● Age between which education has been made a fundamental right 6 to 14 years Article 21A
Types of Medicines
Medicine Use
● Antipyretic Medicine to reduce the body temperature
● Antihistamine Medicine to provide relief in certain allergies and coughs
● Anti-flatulence Medicine to reduce intestinal gas
● Antispasmodic Medicine to reduce muscular contractions usually in stomach
● Antacid Medicine to counteract stomach acidity
● Anthelmintic Medicine used to expel parasitic worms from the body
● Amphetamine Medicine used to increase energy and reduce appetite
● Anabolic steroid Medicine used to increase muscles to improve performance in sports etc.
● Antibiotic Medicine used to cure bacterial infections
● Beta-blocker Medicine used to make the heart work more slowly
● Decongestant Medicine that helps one to breathe more easily during lung infections
● Diuretics Medicine to increase the discharge of urine
● Expectorant Medicine which helps in expulsion of mucus from the lungs
● Laxative Medicine to provide relief in constipation
● Statin Medicine used to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood
● Tranquiliser Medicine to reduce anxiety and bring about calmness
India's Position in the World
Agricultural Production
● The largest producer of milk.
● The largest producer of millets in the world
● The largest producer of jute.
● The largest producer of ginger.
● The largest producer of bananas.
● The largest producer of castor oil seeds.
● Largest producer of mangoes.
● Largest producer of safflower oil seeds.
● Largest producer of papayas.
● Largest producer of cottonseed (As per International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC) report for the month of March 2017)
● Second largest producer of tea, the first position being held by China
● Second largest producer of sugarcane, the first position being held by Brazil. ● Second largest producer of wheat, the first position being held by China.
● Second largest producer of onions, the first position being held by China.
● Second largest producer of potatoes, the first position being held by China
. ● Second largest producer of garlic, the first position being held by China.
● Second largest producer of rice, the first position being held by China.
● Second largest producer of cement., next to China.
● Second largest producer of silk, the first position being held by China.
● NOTE: The agricultural information is as per latest data available on the website of the Food and Agricultural Organization.
Miscellaneous
● 1st to introduce government supported family planning in the world.
● Largest postal network in the world.
● Largest livestock population.
● Largest consumer of gold jewelry.
● India has the second largest arable land in the world. The USA has the largest arable land in the world.
● India is the third-largest producer and second-largest consumer of fertilizer in the world. ● India has the largest deposits of Thorium in the world.
Important Standards of Human Health
Phenomenon Standard Range
● Pulse rate 72 pulses/min
● Blood Pressure Systolic – <120 mmHg
● Diastolic – <80 mmHg
● Body Mass Index (BMI) or Quetelet index 20 to 25
● below 20 – underweight
● above 25 – overweight
● Body temperature 37°C (98.6°F)
● pH level of human blood 7.35 to 7.45
● Eyesight 6/6
● Normal Cholesterol level below 200mg/dL
● Normal Haemoglobin level Males – 13.8 to 17.2 gms/dL ● Females – 12 to 15 gm/dL
Rivers and their tributaries
River Tributaries
● Ganga 1. Gomti 2. Ghaghra 3. Gandak 4. Kosi 5. Yamuna 6. Son 7. Ramganga
● Yamuna 1. Chambal 2. Sindh 3. Betwa 4. Ken 5. Tons 6. Hindon
● Godavari 1. Indravati 2. Manjira 3. Bindusara 4. Sarbari 5. Penganga 6.Pranahita
● Krishna 1. Tungabhadra 2. Ghataprabha 3. Malaprabha 4. Bhima 5. Vedavati 6. Koyna
● Cauvery 1. Kabini 2. Hemavathi 3. Simsha 4. Arkavati 5. Bhavani
● Narmada 1. Amaravati 2. Bhukhi 3. Tawa 4. Banger
● Indus 1. Sutlej 2. Dras 3. Zanskar 4. Shyok 5.Gilgit 6. Suru
● Brahmaputra 1. Dibang 2. Lohit 3. Jia Bhoreli (Kameng) 4. Dikhow 5. Subansiri 6. Manas
● Damodar 1. Barakar 2. Konar
● Ravi 1. Budhil 2. Nai or Dhona 3. Seul 4. Ujh
● Mahanadi 1. Seonath 2. Hasdeo 3. Jonk 4. Mand 5. Ib 6. Ong 7. Tel
● Chambal 1. Banas 2. Kali Sindh 3. Shipra 4. Parbati 5. Mej
Rivers and their Places of Origin
River Place of origin
● Ganga Gangotri (Uttarakhand)
● Yamuna Yamunotri (Uttarakhand)
● Indus Mansarovar (Tibet)
● Narmada Maikal Hills, Amarkantak (MP)
● Tapi/Tapti Satpura Range, Betul (MP)
● Mahanadi Nagri Town (Chhattisgarh)
● Brahmaputra Chemayungdung (Tibet)
● Sutlej Mt Kailash (Tibet)
● Beas Rohtang Pass (Himachal Pradesh)
● Godavari Nasik (Maharashtra)
● Krishna Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra)
● Cauvery Brahmagiri Hills, Coorg (Karnataka)
● Sabarmati Udaipur, Aravalli Hills (Rajasthan)
● Ravi Chamba (Himachal Pradesh)
● PennarNandi Hills, Chickballapur (Karnataka)
● Luni Pushkar, Aravalli Hills (Rajasthan)
● Chambal Janapav, Indore, Vindhyas (MP)
● Teesta Cholamu Lake (Sikkim)
● Rangeet Rathong Glacier (Sikkim)
Firsts in India - Women
● The first Indian woman to be awarded the Bharat Ratna - Smt Indira Gandhi. ● The first lady Governor of an Indian state was Smt Sarojini Naidu.
● The first lady Chief Minister of State was Smt Sucheta Kripalani.
● The first lady Central minister of the country was Smt Rajkumari Amrit Kaur.
● The first woman president of the Indian National Congress was Annie Besant.
● The first woman to become the Chief Election Commissioner was Mrs Rama Devi.
● The first Indian woman to be appointed as the Chief Information Commissioner - Deepak Sandhu.
● The first woman to be appointed the Speaker of Lok Sabha is Mrs Meira Kumar. ● The first woman president of UN General Assembly - Mrs Vijayalaxmi Pandit.
● The first woman advocate of India was Cornelia Sorabjee.
● The first woman judge of India and also the first woman judge of High Court was Justice Anna Chandy.
● The first woman to be appointed Chief Justice of a state High Court was Justice Leila Seth.
● The first woman to be appointed judge of the Supreme Court was Justice M Fatima Beevi.
● The first Indian woman to swim the English Channel was Aarti Saha.
● The first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal was Karnam Malleswari. ● The first Indian woman to win an Asiad medal - Kamaljit Sandhu.
● The first Indian woman to climb Mt Everest - Bachendri Pal.
● The first Indian woman to ski to the South Pole - Reena Kaushal DharmaShaktu
● The first Indian woman to receive a gallantry award in the Indian Army (Sena Medal for her acts of bravery in Afghanistan) - Major Mitali Madhumita.
● The first Indian woman to join the Territorial Army as a jawan - Shanti Tigga. ● The first Indian woman to win the Miss Asia-Pacific title - Zeenat Aman.
● The first Indian woman to win the Miss Universe title - Sushmita Sen.
● The first Indian woman to win the Miss World title - Reita Faria.
● The first Indian woman to win the Miss Earth title - Nicol Faria.
● The first Indian woman to be appointed as the Minister of External Affairs of India - Sushma Swaraj. (Note: Mrs. Indira Gandhi held the additional charge as Minister of External Affairs while being the Prime Minister of India.)
First in the World - Men
● First man in space Yuri Gagarin USSR
● First person of African descent in space Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez Cuba
● First man to reach the North Pole Robert Peary USA
● First man to scale Mt EverestEdmund Hillary New Zealand
● First man to reach the South Pole Roald Amundsen Norway
● First man to circumnavigate the world Enrique, Magellan's slave Malay
● First man to land on the moon Neil Armstrong USA
● First Secretary General of the United Nations Trygve Lie Norway
Some Important Monasteries in India
Monastery Location
● Namgyal Monastery Dharamsala (H.P.)
● Hemis Monastery Ladakh (J & K)
● Namdroling Nyingmapa Monastery Mysore (Karnataka)
● Tabo Monastery Spiti valley (H.P.)
● Ghum Monastery Darjeeling (W.B.)
● Mindrolling MonasteryDehradun
● Tawang Monastery Bomdila (Arunachal Pradesh)
● Kye Monastery Spiti (H.P.)
● Rumtek Monastery Sikkim
● Phuktal Monastery Zanskar (J & K)
● Thiksey Monastery Ladakh (J & K)
List of Bharat Ratna Awardees:
Bharat Ratna Awardees Year Brief Description
● C. Rajagopalachari 1954 Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer, historian, and statesman.
● Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India
●
● Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1954 Indian philosopher and statesman.
● First Vice President of India
● C. V. Raman 1954 Indian physicist who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering
● Nobel Laureate(Physics)
● Bhagwan Das 1955 Indian Theosophist and a part of Central Legislative Assembly of British India
● M. Visvesvaraya 1955 Civil Engineer & Statesman
● Jawaharlal Nehru 1955 Indian independence activist,
● First Prime Minister of India
● Govind Ballabh Pant 1957 Indian freedom fighter
● One of the architects of modern India
● Dhondo Keshav Karve 1958 A social reformer in India in the field of women’s welfare
● Bidhan Chandra Roy 1961 An eminent Indian physician, educationist, philanthropist, freedom fighter and politician
● He served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1948
● Purushottam Das Tandon 1961 A freedom fighter from Uttar Pradesh, India.
● He has put enormous efforts into achieving the Official Language of India status for Hindi.
● Rajendra Prasad 1962 First President of India
● Zakir Husain 1963 Third President of India
● Pandurang Vaman Kane 1963 Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
● Lal Bahadur Shastri 1966 Second Prime Minister of India
● Indira Gandhi 1971 The only female Prime Minister of India
● V. V. Giri 1975 Fourth President of India
● K. Kamaraj 1976 A leader of the Indian National Congress
● Mother Teresa 1980 An Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary
● Vinoba Bhave 1983 An Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights
● Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1987 A Pashtun independence activist
● M. G. Ramachandran 1988 An Indian actor, filmmaker and politician who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
● B. R. Ambedkar 1990 An Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who was a part of the Dalit Buddhist movement
● Nelson Mandela 1990 A South African revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa
● Rajiv Gandhi 1991 An Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India
\ ● Vallabhbhai Patel 1991 The First Deputy Prime Minister of India
● Morarji Desai 1991 An Indian independence activist
● 4th Prime Minister of India
● Abul Kalam Azad 1992 An Indian scholar, independence activist, and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress
● J. R. D. Tata 1992 Chairman of Tata Group
● Satyajit Ray 1992 Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, music composer, graphic artist, lyricist and author
● Aruna Asaf Ali 1997 An Indian independence activist
● First Mayor of Delhi
● Gulzarilal Nanda 1997 Indian politician and economist who specialized in labour issues
● Dr A.P.J Abdul Kalam 1997 Missile Man of India
● M. S. Subbulakshmi 1998 Indian Carnatic singer from Madurai, Tamil Nadu
● Chidambaram Subramaniam 1998 An Indian politician and Independence activist
● Jayaprakash Narayan1999 Indian independence activist, theorist, socialist and political leader
● Amartya Sen 1999 Indian economist and philosopher
● Gopinath Bordoloi 1999 First Chief Minister of Assam
● Ravi Shankar 1999 An Indian musician and a composer of Hindustani classical music
● Lata Mangeshkar 2001 Indian playback singer and music director
● Bismillah Khan 2001 Indian musician credited with popularizing the shehnai
● Bhimsen Joshi2009 Indian vocalist from Karnataka
● C. N. R. Rao 2014 Currently, the Head of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India
● Sachin Tendulkar 2014 Former captain of the Indian national team and one of the greatest batsman in the history of Cricket.
● Madan Mohan Malaviya 2015 An Indian educationist and politician
● Atal Bihari Vajpayee 2015 Indian politician, statesman and a poet.
● He served three terms as the Prime Minister of India
● Pranab Mukherjee 2019 13th President of India
● Nanaji Deshmukh 2019 Social Activist
● Bhupen Hazarika 2019 An Indian playback singer, lyricist, musician, singer, poet and film-maker from Assam
\Important Facts to Remember about Bones
● The study of bones is called Osteology.
● A new born has about 300 bones in its body, many of which fuse later in life to form 206 bones in an adult.
● Bones are chiefly made up of Calcium Phosphate and Collagen (a protein). ● The longest bone in the human body is the Femur or the thigh bone.
● The smallest bone is located in the ear and known as the stapes.
● Bones are attached to bones by tough, fibrous tissues known as ligaments
● The flexible tissue in the interior of bones is known as the bone marrow. Red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
● Hyoid bone located at the base of the tongue is the only bone not attached to any other bone in the body.
● The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull, ear, rib cage, verbral column, sternum and the hyoid bone. (total 80 bones).
● The appendicular skeleton consists of all other bones. (total 126 bones).
● Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density which can lead to an increased risk of fracture.
● Rickets is a disease of the bones in children who develop soft bones due to deficiency of Vitamin D.
● Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints.
● Gout is a type of arthritis where swelling and severe pain develops in joints, especially at the base of the big toe.
● Calcium is an important nutrient for building bones and slowing the pace of bone loss. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium.
Oaths of Office Administration of Oath of Office
S.No.
Appointments Administered Oath of Office by
1.
President Chief Justice of India or in his absence the seniormost Judge of Supreme Court. 2.
Vice PresidentPresident or some person appointed in that behalf by the President. 3.
Judge of Supreme Court President or some person appointed in that behalf by the President.
4.
Governor Chief Justice of High Court or in his absence senior most Judge of that court. 5.
Minister in Union Council of Ministers President
6. Comptroller & Auditor General President or some person appointed in that behalf by the President.
7.
Member of Parliament President or some person appointed in that behalf by the President.
8.
Member of Legislature of State Governor or some person appointed in that behalf by the Governor.
9.
Minister in State Council of Ministers Governor
10.
Judge of High Court Governor or some person appointed by in that behalf by him. Submission of Resignations
S.No.
Appointment Submits Resignation to
1.
President Vice President
2.
Vice President President
3.
Prime Ministe r President
4.
Judge of Supreme Court President
5.
Governor President
6.
Judge of High Court President
7.
Speaker of Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
8.
Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha Speaker of Lok Sabha
9.
Deputy Chairman of Council of States Chairman
10.
Member of house of Parliament Chairman of upper house or the Speaker of Lower House. 11.
Speaker of Assembly Deputy Speaker of Assembly
12.
Deputy Speaker of Assembly Speaker of Assembly
13.
Chairman of Legislative Council of States Deputy Chairman
14.
Deputy Chairman of Legislative Council of States Chairman
15.
A member of Public Service Commission (Union Commission or Joint Commission) President
16.
A member of Public Service Commission (State Commission) Governor of the State
Indian Constitution
Indian constitution contains 395 articles in Parts I to XXII and 12 schedules.
Parts of the Indian Constitution
Part Subject Articles
● Part I The Union and its territory Art. 1 to 4
● Part II Citizenship Art. 5 to 11
● Part III Fundamental Rights Art. 12 to 35
● Part IV Directive Principles Art. 36 to 51
● Part IVA Fundamental Duties Art. 51A
● Part V The Union Art. 52 to 151
● Part VI The States Art. 152 to 237
● Part VII Repealed by Const. (7th Amendment) Act, 1956
● Part VIII The Union Territories Art. 239 to 242
● Part IX The Panchayats Art. 243 to 243O
● Part IXA The Municipalities Art. 243P to 243ZG
● Part IXB The Co-operative Societies Art. 243ZH to 243ZT
● Part X The Scheduled and Tribal Areas Art. 244 to 244A
● Part XI Relations between the Union and the StatesArt. 245 to 263
● Part XII Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits Art. 264 to 300A
● Part XIII Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India Art. 301 to 307
● Part XIV Services under the Union and the States Art. 308 to 323
● Part XIVA Tribunals Art. 323A to 323B
● Part XV Elections Art. 324 to 329A
● Part XVI Special provisions relating to certain classesArt. 330 to 342
● Part XVII Official Language Art. 343 to 351
● Part XVIII Emergency Provisions Art. 352 to 360
● Part XIX Miscellaneous Art. 361 to 367
● Part XX Amendment of the Constitution Art. 368
● Part XXI Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions Art. 369 to 392
● Part XXII Short title, commencement, authoritative text in Hindi and repeals Art. 393 to 395
Constituent Assembly
Chairmen of various committees in the Constituent Assembly
Committee Chairman
● Committee on the Rules of Procedure Rajendra Prasad
● Steering Committee Rajendra Prasad
● Finance and Staff Committee Rajendra Prasad
● Credential CommitteeAlladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
● House Committee B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
● Order of Business Committee K.M. Munsi
● Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag Rajendra Prasad
● Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly G.V. Mavalankar
● States Committee Jawaharlal Nehru
● Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas Vallabhbhai Patel
● Minorities Sub-Committee H.C. Mookherjee
● Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee J.B. Kripalani
● North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee Gopinath Bardoloi
● Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee A.V. Thakkar
● Union Powers Committee Jawaharlal Nehru
● Union Constitution Committee Jawaharlal Nehru
● Drafting Committee B.R. Ambedkar
Mosques and Tombs in India
Mosques
Mosques Location
● Jama Masjid Delhi
● Sidi Sayyid Mosque Ahmedabad
● Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid Delhi
● Mecca Masjid Hyderabad
● Moti Masjid Delhi
● Sidi Bashir Mosque Ahmedabad
● Gyanvapi Mosque Varanasi
● Cheraman Jum'ah Masjid Thrissur, Kerala
● Cheraman Jum'ah Masjid is the oldest mosque in India, constructed about 629 AD by Malik Ibn Dinar.
Tombs
Tombs Location
● Taj Mahal (WHS) Agra
● Akbar’s Tomb Sikandara, Agra
● Itmaad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb Agra
● Humayun's Tomb (WHS) New Delhi
● Bibi ka Maqbara Aurangabad
● Gol Gumbaz Bijapur
● Tomb of Sher Shah Suri Sasaram
● Qutub Shahi Tombs Hyderabad
Other Places of Interest
Monument Location
● Bada Imambara Lucknow
● Jantar Mantar New Delhi
● Jog (Gersoppa) Falls Shimoga, Karnataka
● Basilica of Bom JesusGoa
● Se Cathedral Goa
Zoos, Jails & Libraries in India
Zoos
Zoo Location
● Allen Forest Zoo Kanpur
● Alipore Zoological Gardens Kolkata
● Arighar Anna Zoological Park Chennai
● Indira Gandhi Zoological Park Visakhapatnam
● Kamla Nehru Zoological Garden Ahmedabad
● Chhatbir Zoo Zirakpur, Punjab
● Nandankanan Zoological Park Bhubaneswar
● National Zoological Park Delhi
● Nehru Zoological Park Hyderabad
● Sri Chamrajendra Zoological GardenMysore
● Sakkarbaug Zoo Junagadh
● Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park Darjeeling
Jails
Jail Location
● Tihar Jail New Delhi
● Arthur Road Jail Mumbai
● Yeravada Jail Pune
● Cellular Jail Port Blair
● Naini Jail Allahabad
● Kot Balwal JailJammu
● Kot Lakhpat Jail Lahore (Pakistan)
Libraries
Library Location
● Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library Patna
● National Library of India Kolkata
● Asafia State Library (State Central Library) Hyderabad
● Muhammadan Public Library Chennai
● Rampur Raza Library Rampur (U.P.)
● Romain Rolland Library Puducherry
● Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah Library Ahmedabad
Rocks and Caves
Caves and Rocks Location
● Ajanta Caves (WHS) Aurangabad, Maharashtra
● Amarnath Cave Anantnag, Kashmir
● Edakkal Caves Waynad, Kerala
● Elephanta Caves (WHS) Mumbai, Maharashtra
● Ellora Caves (WHS) Aurangabad, Maharashtra
● Bhimbhetka Rock Shelters (WHS) Raisen, M.P.
● Badami CavesBagalkot, Karnataka
● Borra Caves Visakhapatnam, A.P.
● Belum Caves Kurnool, A.P.
● Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves Bhubaneshwar, Odisha
● Udaygiri Caves Vidisha, M.P.
● Sonbhandar Caves Rajgir, Bihar
● Kutumsar Caves Bastar, Chhattisgarh
● Pandu Leni Caves Nasik, Maharashtra
Gates
Gate Location
● Gateway of India Mumbai
● India Gate New Delhi
● Buland Darwaza Fatehpur Sikri
● Rumi Darwaza Lucknow
Towers/Minars
Towers/Minars Location
● Charminar Hyderabad
● Kirti Stambha (Tower of Fame) Chittorgarh
● Jai Stambha (Tower of Victory) Chittorgarh
● Qutab Minar Delhi
● Shaking Minarets Sidi Bashir Mosque, Ahmedabad
● Jinnah Tower Guntur, Andhra Pradesh
Small and Medium Scale Industries
City/Town State Well Known for
1. Adoni Andhra Pradesh Cotton Textile
2. Agra Uttar Pradesh Leather goods
3. Aligarh Uttar Pradesh Locks
4. Anand Gujarat Dairy products
5. Coimbatore Tamil Nadu Wet Grinders and sarees
6. Firozabad Uttar Pradesh Glass
7. KanpurUttar Pradesh Leather
8. Kanchipuram Tamil Nadu Silk sarees
9. Ludhiana PunjabBicycle parts, sewing machines, hosiery.
10. Jalandhar PunjabSports goods
11. Moradabad Uttar Pradesh Brass works
12. Mysore Karnataka Silk
13. Surat Gujarat Diamonds, textiles
14. Sivakasi Tamilnadu Fireworks, matches
15. Nepanagar Madhya Pradesh Newsprint
16. Gadwal Andhra Pradesh Sarees
17. Tiruppur Tamil Nadu Textiles and Garments
Bridges, Statues, Stupas in India
Bridges
Bridges River/Lake Location
● Howrah Bridge HooglyKolkata
● Pamban Bridge Palk Strait Rameshwaram, Tamilnadu
● Mahatma Gandhi Setu Ganges Patna, Bihar
● Nehru Setu Son Dehri on Sone, Bihar
● Lakshmana Jhula Ganges Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
● Vembanad Railway Bridge Vembanad Lake Kochi, Kerala
● Vivekananda Setu HooglyKolkata
● Vidyasagar Setu HooglyKolkata
● Bhupen Hazarika Setu Lohit Assam
● Ellis Bridge Sabarmati Ahmedabad
● Coronation Bridge Teesta Siliguri
● Signature Bridge Yamuna Delhi
Statues
Statues Location
● Statue of Gomateswara (Bahubali) Shravanabelagola, Karnataka
● Statue of Ugra Narasimha Hampi, Karnataka
● Statue of Trimurti Elephanta Caves, Mumbai
● Statue of Thiruvalluvar Kanya Kumari, Tamilnadu
● Statue of Kannagi Marina Beach, Chennai
● Gyarah Murti* New Delhi
● Tallest Statue of Mahatma Gandhi Gandhi Maidan, Patna
● Statue of Rishabhdev Mangi Tungi, Nasik
● Statue of Adiyogi Lord Shiva Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
● Statue of Hanuman (Veer Abhaya Anjaneya Swami) Paritala, Andhra Pradesh ● Statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Statue of Unity)Sadhu Bet island, Gujarat ● *Statue of Gandhiji and 10 people following him. An image of this also figured on old Rs. 500 note.
Stupas
Stupa Location
● Sanchi Stupa Sanchi, Raisen, MP
● Damekh Stupa Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh
● Kesaria Stupa Kesaria (near Patna), Bihar
Beaches
Beach Location
● Calungate Goa
● Baga Goa
● Marina Chennai
● Covelong Chennai
● Juhu Mumbai
● Gorai Mumbai
● Kovalam Thiruvananthapuram
● Gahirmatha Kendrapara, Odisha
● Rushikonda Visakhapatnam, A.P.
● Chorwad Junagadh, Gujarat
● Radhanagar Havelock Island, Andamans
Cities and their Founders/Designers
# City Founder/Designer
1. Bhopal Raja Bhoj
2. Chandigarh Le Corbusier - Designer
3. Hyderabad Quli Qutub Shah
4. New Delhi Edward Lutyens - Designer
5. Jaipur Sawai Jai Singh - Founder; Vidyadhar Bhattacharya - Designer
6. Bhubaneswar Dr. Otto Kolenigs Berger - Designer
7. Fatehpur Sikri Akbar
8. Agra Badal Singh
9. Nagpur Bhakt Buland
10. Jaunpur Feroz Shah Tughlaq (named after his father Mohd bin Tughlaq or Jauna Khan)
11. Ahmedabad Sultan Ahmed Shah
12. Faridabad Shaikh Farid
13. Bhavnagar Bhavsinhji Gohil
14. Jodhpur Rao Jodha
15. Bikaner Rao Bika
16. Jammu Raja Jambu Lochan
17. Durgapur Joseph Allen Stein and Benjamin Polk - Designers
18. Ferozepur Feroz Shah Tughlaq
Temples of India
Temples Location
● Cheena Kesava Temple Belur, Karnataka
● Black Pagoda or Sun Temple Konark (Orissa)
● Brihadiswara Temple (WHS) Thanjuvur, Tamil Nadu
● Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple (WHS) Gangaikondacholisvaram, TN ● Airavatesvara Temple (WHS) Darasuram, Tamil Nadu
● Hazara Rama Temple (WHS) Hampi, Karnataka
● Virupaksha Temple (WHS) Pattadakal, Karnataka
● Golden Temple Amritsar, Punjab
● Jagannath Temple Puri, Orissa
● Kailasa Temple Ellora, Maharashtra
● Mahakaleshwar Temple Ujjain (M.P.)
● Minakshi Temple Madurai, Tamil Nadu
● Mundeshwari Temple Kaimur, Bihar
● Shore Temple Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu
● Somnath Temple Junagarh, Gujarat
● Tirupati Temple Chittor, Andhra Pradesh
● Sabarimala Pathanamthitta, Kerala
● Dilwara Temple Mt.Abu
● Kamakhya Temple Guwahati, Assam
● Zeishta Devi Temple Srinagar, J & K
● Dakshineswar Kali Temple Kolkata, W.B.
Gardens and their locations
Garden Location
● Pinjore Gardens Chandigarh
● Lal Bagh Bengaluru
● Shalimar Bagh Srinagar
● Buddha Jayanti Park New Delhi
● Brindavan Gardens Mysore
● Mughal Gardens New Delhi
● Rock Garden Chandigarh
● Nishat Bagh Srinagar
● Hanging Gardens Mumbai
● Khusro Bagh Allahabad
● Sikandar Bagh Lucknow
● Coronation Park New Delhi
● Alfred Park (Chandrashekhar Azad Park) Allahabad
● Freedom Park Bengaluru
● Indira Gandhi Memorial Tulip Garden Srinagar
World Heritage Sites in India
Monument(s) Location
1. Agra Fort Agra, Uttar Pradesh.
2. Ajanta Caves Aurangabad, Maharashtra.
3. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Raisen, Madhya Pradesh.
4. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park Panchmahal, Gujarat. 5. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Mumbai, Maharashtra.
6. Churches and Convents of Goa Goa.
7. Elephanta Caves Mumbai, Maharashtra.
8. Ellora Caves Aurangabad, Maharashtra.
9. Fatehpur Sikri Agra, Uttar Pradesh.
10. Great Living Chola Temples Many temples in Tamilnadu.
11. Group of Monuments at Hampi Karnataka.
12. Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram Tamilnadu.
13. Group of Monuments at Pattadakal Karnataka.
14. Humayun's Tomb New Delhi
15. Khajuraho Group of Monuments Madhya Pradesh
16. Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya Bihar
17. Mountain Railways of India Darjeeling, Shimla, Ooty.
18. Qutb Minar and its Monuments New Delhi
19. Red Fort ComplexNew Delhi
20. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Raisen, MP
21. Sun Temple, Konarak Konarak, Orissa.
22. Taj Mahal Agra, Uttar Pradesh.
23. The Jantar Mantar Jaipur, Rajasthan.
24. Hill Forts of Rajasthan Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Sawai Madhopur, Jhalawar, Jaipur and Jaisalmer
25. Rani-ki-Vav Patan, Gujarat
26. Nalanda Mahavihara Nalanda, Bihar
27. Architectural work of Le Corbusier Chandigarh
28. Historic city of Ahmedabad Gujarat
29. Victorian Gothic Art and Art Deco Ensembles Mumbai, Maharashtra 30. Historic city of Jaipur Rajasthan
Besides the above there are 7 natural World Heritage Sites in India. 1. Kaziranga National Park 2. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary 3. Keoladeo National Park, 4. Sundarbans National Park, 5. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers, 6. Western ghats and 7. Great Himalayan National Park (H.P.) and 1 mixed World Heritage Site i.e. Khangchendzonga National Park (Sikkim).
Aircrafts in the Indian Navy
# Aircraft Country of Origin Role
1. MiG 29K Russia Fighter
2. Sea Harrier Great Britain Fighter (decommissioned in May 2016) 3. Dornier 228 Germany Transport
4. Ilyushin 38 Soviet Union Transport
5. Boeing P-81 U.S.A. Long Range Maritime Reconnaissance and Anti-Submarine Warfare
5. TU-142M Soviet Union Long Range Maritime Patrol Aircraft (de-inducted in March 2017)
Helicopters
1. HAL ALH India Transport Helicopter
2. HAL Chetak France Transport Helicopter
3. Seaking 42 U.K. Transport Helicopter
Submarines in the Indian Navy
# Class Names Role
1. ChakraINS Chakra (Originally K-152 Nerpa of Russian Navy) Nuclear powered 2. Sindughosh INS Sindhugosh, INS Sindhudhvaj, INS Sindhuraj, INS Sindhuvir, INS Sindhuratna, INS Sindhukesari, INS Sindhukirti, INS Sindhuvijay, INS Sindhurakshak, INS Sindhurashtra Diesel-Electric
3. Shishukumar INS Shishumar, INS Shankush, INS Shalki, INS Shankul Diesel-electric Aircraft Carriers in the Indian Navy
# Name Original Name Class Country of Origin
1. INS Viraat HMS Hermes Centaur class U.K.
2. INS Vikramaditya Admiral Gorshkov Kiev Class Russia 3. INS Vikrant - Vikrant Class Indigenous (Expected to be commissioned in 2018) INS Vikrant originally HMS Hercules of Majestic Class (United Kingdom) was the first aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy. She was decommissioned in 1997 and sold for ship-breaking in 2014. Bajaj V motorcycle is a motorcycle made from the metal of INS Vikrant.
Defense Training Establishments
# Institute Location
1. Defence Institute of Advanced Technology Pune
2. National Academy of Defence Financial Management Pune 3. National Institute of Defence Estates Management Delhi
4. Defence Institute of Psychological ResearchDelhi
5. Defence Institute of High Altitude Research Leh
6. College of Defence Management Secunderabad
7. National Defence College Delhi
8. Defence Services Staff College Wellington
9. National Defence Academy Khadakvasla, Pune
10. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses New Delhi
11. High Altitude Warfare School Gulmarg, J & K
12. Indian National Defence University (proposed) Gurgaon, Haryana
Training Establishments of Indian Army
# Training Establishment Location
1. Indian Military Academy Dehra Dun
2. Officers' Training Academy Chennai
3. Officers' Training Academy Gaya
4. Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering Secunderabad 5. Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School Vairengte
6. College of Combat Mhow
7. Infantry Schools Mhow and Belgavi
8. School of Artillery Deolali
9. College of Military Engineering Pune
10. Military College of Telecommunication Engineering Mhow
11. EME School Vadodara
Functions of Minerals in Human Body
Mineral Function
Calcium (Ca) Required for the formation of bones and teeth. It is an essential mineral for clotting of blood, and also controls the functions of nerves and muscles.
Phosphorus (P) This mineral is essential component for ATP, DNA, RNA, NAD, NADP, and FAD.So, it has immense role in the molecular level of our cell function. This mineral also helps in the formation of bones and teeth in human body and controls the acid base balance of our body.
Iron (Fe) This mineral plays an important role in the formation of blood haemoglobin and cytochromes. It also helps in the formation of Myoglobin.
Sulphur(S) It is an important mineral of different amino acids. It helps in the formation of coenzyme A.
Iodine (I) It is important for the synthesis of Thyroid hormones like T4 and T3, so indirectly helps in the control of basal metabolic rate.
Sodium (Na) This mineral is strictly required for conduction of nervous impulse. It also helps in balances of water and acid-base in the body, so helps as osmotic controller. Potassium (K) Like calcium it is also important for the conduction of nerve impulse, and also helps as osmotic controller.
Magnesium(Mg) It has key roles as a cofactor of many enzyme linked physiological processes and ATP dependant metabolic reactions. It also controls neuromuscular functions. Chlorine (Cl) It is an important mineral of gastric juice that helps in the formation of HCl. It also helps in maintaining of acid-base balance.
Australian Open 2021
Title Winner Runner-up
● Men's Singles Novak Djokovic (Serbia) Daniil Medvedev (Russia)
● Women's Singles Naomi Osaka (Japan)Jennifer Brady (USA)
● Men's Doubles Ivan Dodig (Croatia) and Filip Polasek (Slovakia) Rajeev Ram (USA) and Joe Salisbury (UK)
● Women's Doubles Elise Mertens (Belgium) and Aryna Sabalenka (Belarus) Barbora Krejcikova and Katerina Siniakova (Czech Republic)
● Women's Doubles Barbora Krejcikova (Czech Republic) and Rajeev Ram (USA) Samantha Stosur and Matthew Ebden (Australia)
EIU Democracy Index 2020
Released by Economic Intelligence Unit
Rank Country Rank Country
1. Norway 53. India
2. Iceland68. Sri Lanka
3. Sweden 76. Bangladesh
4. New Zealand 84. Bhutan
5. Canada
Railways Zones and Headquarters
Zone Headquarters Divisions
1. Central Mumbai Mumbai(CST), Bhusawal, Nagpur, Pune
2. Western Mumbai Mumbai(Central),Vadodara, Ratlam,Ahmedabad,Rajkot, Bhavnagar
3. Northern Delhi Ambala, Delhi, Lucknow, Moradabad, Ferozpur
4. Eastern Kolkata Asansol, Howrah, Malda, Sealdah
5. Southern Chennai Chennai, Madurai, Palghat, Trichy, Trivandrum, Salem 6. East Central HajipurDanapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur
7. East Coast Bhubaneshwar Khurda Road, Sambalpur, Waltair
8. North Central Allahabad Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi
9. North Eastern Gorakhpur Lucknow, Izzatnager, Varanasi
10. North East Frontier Guwahati Katihar, Alipurduar, Rangiya, Lumding, Tinsukia 11. North Western Jaipur Ajmer, Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur
12. South Central SecunderabadHyderabad, Nanded, Secunderabad 13. South East Central Bilaspur Bilaspur, Nagpur, Raipur
14. South Eastern Kolkata Adra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi 15. South Western Hubli Bangalore, Hubli, Mysore
16. South Coastal Visakhapatnam Guntakal, Guntur, Vijayawada 17. West Central Jabalpur Bhopal, Jabalpur
Interesting Facts National Highways in India
The longest National Highway in India:
NH 44 (previously National Highway 7) is longest running major National Highway that starts from Srinagar and terminates in Kanyakumari. Starting fron J&K, it passes through the states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and ends in the Tamil Nadu.
The shortest National Highway in India
NH 966B ( previously NH 47A) is the shortest National Highway in India covering a distance of 8 km (5.0 mi) and runs between Kundannoor and Willingdon Island in Kochi, Kerala.
World’s Second Highest Motorable Highway
The Leh-Manali Highway, connecting Shimla to Leh in Ladakh is world’s second highest-altitude motor highway.
Golden Quadrilateral (GQ)
GQ is a national highway network that connects the four major metro cities of India, viz., Delhi (north), Kolkata (east), Mumbai (west) and Chennai (south).
India has the second largest road network in the world
Traffic Colors Used on National Highways
National highways – Yellow and White
State highways – Green and White
City highway – Black and White
Facts about National Highways in India
There are a few important facts about National Highways of India which are important for UPSC:
National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is an autonomous authority to develop, maintain, and manage the National Highways of India.
Central Government has the power to notify any highway as the National Highway and such highway will be specified in the Schedule.
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways is responsible for the development of National Highways.
The government launched the Bharatmala Project for the development of about 26,000 km length of Economic Corridors, which along with Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) and North-South and East-West (NS-EW) Corridors are expected to carry the majority of the Freight Traffic on roads. NH 44 is the longest national highway in India, running over 3745 Km from Srinagar to Kanyakumari.
NH44 was previously known as NH 7.
NH 47A is the shortest highway of India, having a length of 6 Kms.
There are 228 National Highways in India.
Operational National Waterways in India for OPSC
Sl. No. NW Number River System Route Length (in km) Locations Established 1 NW – 1 Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly Prayagraj – Haldia 1620 Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal 1986
2 NW – 2 Brahmaputra Sadiya-Dhubri 891 Assam 1982
3 NW – 3 West Coast Canal, Champakara Canal, and Udyogamandal Canal Kottapuram – Kollam 205 Kerala 1993
4 NW – 4 Krishna and GodavariKakinada–Puducherry stretch of canals, Kaluvelly Tank, Bhadrachalam – Rajahmundry, Waziraba–Vijayawada 1095 Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Puducherry 2008
5 NW – 10 Amba River 45 Maharashtra
6 NW – 83 Rajpuri Creek 31 Maharashtra
7 NW – 85 Revadanda Creek – Kundalika River System 31 Maharashtra
8 NW – 91 Shastri river–Jaigad creek system 52 Maharashtra 9 NW – 68 Mandovi – Usgaon Bridge to the Arabian Sea 41 Goa 10 NW – 111 Zuari– Sanvordem Bridge to Marmugao Port 50 Goa 11 NW – 73 Narmada River 226 Gujarat and Maharashtra 12 NW – 100 Tapi River 436 Gujarat and Maharashtra 13 NW – 97 (Sundarbans Waterways) Namkhana to AtharaBankiKhal Indo-Bangladesh Protocol Route 172 West Bengal
Father’s of Different Fields
Father of Missile Program A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam)
Father of Economics Adam Smith
Father of Modern Computer Alan Turing
Father of Relativity Albert Einstein
Father of DNA Fingerprinting Alec John Jeffreys
Lalji Singh (India)
Father of Telephone Alexander Graham Bell
Father of Comic Books Stan Lee (Father of Marvel Comics)
Anant Pai (Father of Indian Comics)
Father of Anatomy Andreas Vesalius
Father of Modern Chemistry Antoine Lavoisier
Father of Microbiology/Microscopy Antonie Philips Van Leeuwenhoek
Father of Comedy Aristophanes
Father of Biology/ Zoology/ Embryology/ Political Science Aristotle
Father of Sociology Auguste Comte
Father of Electricity Benjamin Franklin
Father of Paleobotany Adolphe-Theodore Brongniart
Birbal Sahni (India)
Father of Modern Biochemistry Carl Alexander Neuberg
Father of Classification/ Father of TaxonomyCarl Linnaeus
Father of Computer Charles Babbage
Father of Evolution Charles Darwin
Father of Physiology Claude Bernard
Father of Cinema Dadasaheb Phalke (Dhundiraj Govind Phalke) (India) Father of Modern Cinema David Wark Griffith
Father of Ayurveda Dhanwantari
Father of Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev
Father of the Indian Constitution Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar) Father of Vaccination/ Father of immunologyEdward Jenner
Father of Biodiversity Edward O Wilson
Father of Hydrogen Bomb Edward Teller
Father of Geography Eratosthenes
Father of Nuclear Physics Ernest Rutherford
Father of Geometry Euclid
Father of Modern Finance Eugene F. Fama
Father of Modern Ecology Eugene P. Odum
Father of Humanism Francesco Petrarca
Father of Eugenics Francis Galton
Father of Scientific Management Frederick Winslow Taylor
Father of Gene Therapy French Anderson
Father of Modern Physics Galileo Galilei
Father of English Poetry Geoffrey Chaucer
Father of Computer Science George Boole and Alan Turing
Father of Aviation George Cayley
Father of Railways George Stephenson
Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel
Father of Homeopathy Heinemann
Father of History Herodotus
Father of Western Medicine/Modern Medicine Hippocrates
Father of Blue Revolution Hiralal Chaudhari
Father of Nuclear (Indian Nuclear science)/Atomic Program Homi J.Bhabha Father of Mutation theory Hugo De Vries
Father of Architecture Imhotep
Father of Classical mechanics Isaac Newton
Father of Radio Science in India J C Bose
Father of Civil Aviation J. R. D. Tata (Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata) Father of Atom Bomb J. Robert Oppenheimer
Father of Modern Geology James Hutton
Father of the American Constitution James Madison
Father of Geography James Rennell
Father of Modern Education John Amos Comenius
Father of Modern DemocracyJohn Locke
Father of Artificial Intelligence John Mccarthy
Father of Robotics Joseph F. Engelberger
Father of Biotechnology Karl Ereky
Father of Blood Groups Karl Landsteiner
Father of BacteriologyLouis Pasteur
Father of Indian Phycology/ Father of Algology in India M. O. P. Iyengar (Mandayam Osuri Parthasarathy Iyengar)
Father of Green Revolution M. S. Swaminathan (Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan) (India)
Normal Borlaug
Father of Modern Economics Paul Samuelson
M.G.Ranade (Mahadev Govind Ranade) (Father of Indian Economics)
Father of the Nation (India) Mahatma Gandhi
Father of Modern Economic Reforms (India) Manmohan Singh
Father of Nuclear Science Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
Father of Mobile Phone Martin Cooper
Father of Quantum mechanics Max Planck
Father of Electronics Michael Faraday
Father of Peasant Movement N. G. Ranga (Gogineni Ranga Nayukulu)
Father of Modern Political science Niccolo Machiavelli
Father of Modern Astronomy Nicolaus Copernicus
Father of the Green Revolution/Father of Agriculture Norman Ernest Borlaug Father of Nuclear Chemistry Otto Hahn
Father of Sanstrik Grammar Panini
Father of Genetic Engineering Paul Berg
Father of Agronomy Peter – De- Cresenji
Father of Modern Management Peter Georg Ferdinand Drucker
Father of Television Philo Farnsworth
Father of Modern Olympic Pierre De Coubertin
Father of Modern Dentistry Pierre Fauchard
Father of Linguistic Democracy Potti Sreeramulu
Father of Numbers Pythagoras
Father of Modern India Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Father of Indian Ecology Ramdeo Mishra
Father of Email Ray Tomlinson
Father of Philosophy Rene Descartes
Father of Nanotechnology Richard Smalley
Father of Cytology Robert Hooke
Father of Thermodynamics Sadi Carnot
Father of India’s Communication Revolution Sam Pitroda
Father of New FranceSamuel de Champlain
Father of Veterinary Science Shalihotra (India)
Father of Psychology Sigmund Freud
Father of Plastic Surgery Sir Harold Gillies
Father of Civil Engineering John Smeaton
Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (India)
Father of Air Force Subroto Mukerjee (IAF)
Father of Surgery Sushruta
Father of Botany Theophrastus
Father of Endocrinology Thomas Addison
Father of White Revolution Verghese Kurien
Father of Space Program Vikram Sarabhai
Father of Pentium Chip Vinod Dham
Father of Internet Vint Cerf
Father of American Football Walter Chauncey Camp
Father of Psychology Wilhelm Wundt
Father of Blood Circulation William Harvey
MAJOR
SURFACE OCEAN CURRENTS
Name
Ocean
Type
Agulhas Current
Indian Ocean
Warm
Alaska Current
North Pacific Ocean
Warm
BenguelaCurrent
SouthAtlanticOcean
Warm/Cool
Brazil Current
SouthAtlanticOcean
Warm
CaliforniaCurrent
NorthPacificOcean
Cool
CanariesCurrent
NorthAtlanticOcean
Cool
EastAustralianCurrent
SouthPacificOcean
Warm
Equitorial Current
PacificOcean
Warm
GulfStream
NorthAltanticOcean
Warm
Humboldt(Peru)Current
SouthPacificOcean
Cool
Kuroshio(Japan)Current
NorthPacificOcean
Warm
LabradorCurrent
NorthAtlanticOcean
Cool
NorthAtlanticDrift
NorthAtlanticOcean
Warm
North Pacific Drift
North Pacific Ocean
Warm
Oyashio (Kamchatka) Current
North Pacific Ocean
Cool
West Australian Current
Indian Ocean
Cool
West Wind Drift
South Pacific Ocean
Cool
List of Inventions and Discoveries
Given below is a list of various Inventions and discoveries along with the name of the Inventor and the year in which it was invented:
Invention/Discovery Name of the Inventor Year of Invention
Automatic Calculator Wilhelm Schickard 1623
Air Conditioner Willis Carrier 1902
Anemometer Leon Battista Alberti 1450
Animation J. Stuart Blackton —
Atom Bomb Julius Robert Oppenheimer 1945
Aspirin Dr. Felix Hoffman 1899
Airplane Wilber and Orville Wright 1903
Adhesive tape Richard G. Drew 1923
Bifocal Lens Benjamin Franklin 1779
Barometer Evangelista Torricelli 1643
Barbed Wire Joseph F. Glidden 1873
Blood Group Karl Lansdsteiner 1900s
Ball Point Pen John Loud —
Bicycle Tyres John Boyd Dunlop 1888
Pedal Driven Bicycle Kirkpatrick Macmillan 1839
Celluloid Alexander Parkes 1861
Chloroform Sir James Young Simpson —
Cine Camera Wm. Friese-Greene 1889
Circulation of blood William Harvey 1628
Clock Mechanical Hsing and Ling-Tsan 1725
Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel 1892
Centigrade Scale Anders Celsius 1742
Chlorine Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1774
Dynamite Alfred B. Nobel 1867
Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel 1895
Electric stove/cooker William S. Hadaway 1896
Electroscope William Gilbert1600s
Electric Fan Schuyler Wheeler 1882
Electric Battery Volta 1800
Elevator Elisha G. Otis 1852
Electric Motor (DC) Thomas Davenport 1873
ElectromagnetWilliam Sturgeon 1824
Fountain Pen Petrache Poenaru 1827
Fluorine André-Marie Ampère 1810
Gramophone Thomas Edison 1878
Hydrogen Henry Cavendish 1766
Helicopter Igor Sikorsky 1939
Hovercraft Christopher Cockerell 1959
Hot Air Balloon Josef & Etienne Montgolfier 1783
Helium Jules Janssen 1868
Insulin Sir Frederick Banting 1923
Jet Engine Hans Von Ohain 1936
Lightning Conductor Benjamin Franklin 1752
Locomotive George Stephenson 1804
Laser Theodore Maiman 1960
Light Bulb Thomas Edison 1854
Motorcycle Gottlieb Daimler 1885
Microscope Zacharis Janssen 1590
Microphone Alexander Graham Bell 1876
Machine Gun Richard Gatling 1861
Neon Lamp Georges Claude 1915
Oxygen Joseph Priestley 1774
Ozone Christian Schonbein 1839
Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori 1700
Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg 1440
Parachute Louis-Sebastien Lenormand 1783
Polio Vaccine Jonas Edward Salk –
Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev 1869
Penicillin Alexander Fleming 1928
Pacemaker Rune Elmqvist1952
Petrol for Motor Car Karl Benz 1885
Refrigerator William Cullen 1748
Radium Marie & Pierre Curie 1898
Rubber (vulcanized) Charles Goodyear 1841
Rocket EngineRobert H. Goddard 1926
Radio Guglielmo Marconi 1894
Richter Scale Charles Richter 1935
Ship (Turbine) Charles Parsons 1894
Steam Ship Robert Fulton 1807
Steam Boat Robert Fulton 1786
Submarine Cornelis Drebbel 1620
Stethoscope Rene Laennec1816
Saxophone Adolphe Sax 1846
Sewing Machine Elias Howe 1846
Steam-Powered Airship Henri Giffard 1852
Soft Contact lenses Otto Wichterle 1961
Synthesizer Dr. Robert Arthur Moog 1964
Thermometer Galileo 1593
Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin 1858
Typewriter Christopher Latham Sholes —
Transistors John Bardeen, William Shockley & Walter Brattain 1948
Telephone Graham Bell 1874
Valve. Radio Sir J.A Fleming 1904
Vacuum Cleaner Hubert Cecil Booth 1901
Vitamin A Frederick Gowland Hpokins 1912
Vitamin B Christiaan Eijkman 1897
Vitamin C Albert Szent-Gyorgi –
Vitamin K Henrik Dam 1929
Vitamin E Herbert McLean Evans & Katherine Scott Bishop
Windshield wipers Mary Anderson 1903
World Wide Web Tim Berners Lee with Robert Cailliau 1989
X-ray Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen 1895
Xerox Machine Chester Carlson 1928
RAJIV GANDHI KHEL RATNA AWARD: This award is being conferred for the spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports by a sportsperson over a period of four years.
S.No. Name of the Sportsperson Discipline
1 Shri Rohit Sharma Cricket
2 Shri Mariyappan T. Para Athletics
3 Ms. Manika Batra Table Tennis
4 Ms. Vinesh Wrestling
5 Ms. Rani Hockey
Important information on Reserve Bank of India
RBI and Currency related information
The Reserve Bank of India was set up on the basis of the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission
Reserve Bank of India started its operations on 01 Apr 1935
Reserve Bank was nationalised in 1949
The first Governor of Reserve Bank of India was Sir Osborne Smith
The first Indian Governor of Reserve Bank of India was Shri CD Deshmukh The term of office of Governor of Reserve Bank of India is 5 years
The two Governors who have later held the post of the finance minister of India are Shri CD Deshmukh & Dr. Manmohan Singh
The maximum number of Deputy Governors RBI can have 4
Number of regional offices of RBI 28
RBI can issue notes upto the value of Rs. 10,000/-
The logo of RBI has A palm tree and a tiger
The H.O. of the RBI is in Mumbai
The maximum amount for which customer's deposit is insured in a bank (by the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of RBI) Rs. 1,00,000 Regional Offices of RBI
1. Srinagar 2. Jammu 3. Shimla 4. Chandigarh
5. Dehradun 6. New Delhi 7. Jaipur 8. Lucknow
9. Kanpur 10. Patna 11. Gangtok 12. Guwahati
13. Agartala 14. Ranchi 15. Kolkata 16. Bhubaneswar
17. Raipur 18. Bhopal 19. Nagpur 20. Hyderabad
21. Chennai 22. Kochi 23. Bangalore 24. Panaji
25. Belapur 26. Mumbai 27. Ahmedabad 28. Thiruvananthapuram
Functions of the RBI
Primary Functions of the Reserve Bank of India
1. Monetary Authority of India
2. Issuer of Currency
3. Banker and Debt Manager to the Government
4. Banker to the banks
5. Regulator of the Banking System
6. Manager of Foreign Exchange
7. Regulator and Supervisor of the payment and settlement system
8. Developmental role
List Of Important Indian Institute And Research Center
1. Central Building Research Institute
‐ Roorkee (UP)
2. Central Drug Research Institute ‐
Lucknow (UP)
3. Central Food Technological Research
Institute ‐ Mysore (Karnataka)
4. Central Institute of Fisheries
Technology ‐ Ernakulam (Kerala)
5. Central Institute of Fisheries
Education ‐ Mumbai
6. Central Institute of BrackishWater
Aquaculture ‐ Kakdwip, wb.
7. Central Marine Fisheries Research
Institute ‐ Kochi, india
8. Central institute of Freshwater
Aquaculture‐ Orissa.
9. Central Leather Research Institute ‐
Chennai
10. Central Mining Research Station ‐
Dhanbad
11. Central Road Research Institute ‐ New Delhi
12. Central Rice Research Institute ‐
Cuttack
13. Indian Institute of Petroleum ‐
Dehra Dun (Uttaranchal)
14. Indian Agricultural Research
Institute ‐ New Delhi
15. Indian Institute of Science ‐
Bangalore (Karnataka)
16. Indian Textile Institute ‐
Kanpur
17. National Aeronautical Laboratory ‐
Bangalore
18. National Dairy Research Institute ‐
Karnal (Haryana)
19. National Environment Engineering
Research Institute ‐ Nagpur (Maharashtra)
20. National Institute of Oceanography
‐ Panaji (Goa)
21. All India Institute of Medical
Sciences ‐ New Delhi
22. National Institute of Communicable
Diseases ‐ Delhi
23. Indian Cancer Research Centre ‐
Mumbai
24. National Institute of Mental
Health ‐ Bangalore
25. Pasteur Institute ‐
Koonoor
26. Central Coconut Research Station ‐ Kayamkulam (Kerala)
27. Indian Dairy Research Institute ‐ Bangalore
The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, officially known as Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in Sports and Games, is the highest sporting honour of the Republic of India.
Instituted in 1991–1992, this award is being conferred for the spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports by a sportsperson over a period of four years. It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
The award comprises a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of ₹7.5 lakh. The first recipient of the award was Chess Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand, who was honoured for the performance in the year 1991–92.
In 2001, sport shooter Abhinav Bindra, then aged 18, became the youngest recipient of the award.
List Of National Awards 2020
Asian College of Journalism’s (ACJ) Award 2019 → Nitin Sethi and Shiv Sahay Singh Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award 2019 → Wing Commander Gajanand Yadava Rashtritya Khel Protsahan Puraskar 2020 → Army Sports Institute, Pune International Booker Prize 2020 for her debut novel ‘The Discomfort of Evening’ → Marieke Lucas Rijneveld
National Award to Teachers 2020 → Sudha Painuli
First Gold Medal for India in Mental Calculations World Cup (MCWC) → Neelakantha Bhanu Prakash Jonnalagadda
Lokmanya Tilak National Journalism Award → Sanjay Gupta (editor-in-chief of ‘Jagran). Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu National Award for Excellence → Dr M S Swaminathan. Plastic Waste Management Award -2020 → Dibrugarh district, best district of India in plastic waste management category during Swachhta Hi Sewa 2019.
Swachhtha Darpan award 2020 → Peddapalli district.
eGovernance ‘Award of Excellence’ for the year 2019 → cVIGIL and Voter Helpline App. 2019-2020 PEN Gauri Lankesh Award → Yusuf Jameel.
Andhra Pradesh Real Time Pollution Monitoring System (RTPMS) has bagged the National e-Governance Award 2019-20.
Dr. Syama Prasad Mukherjee award 2020 for Politics → Sarbananda Sonowal Prem Bhatia Award for political reporting for his work on issues related to the Covid-19 pandemic – Dipankar Ghose
Gustave Trouve Award for Excellence in Electric Boats and Boating – Aditya ferry Prestigious CII-ITC Sustainability Award 2019 – NTPC Limited
Prof. P C Mahalanobis Award – Chakravarthi Rangarajan
2019 Alexander Dalrymple Award – Vice Admiral Vinay Badhwar
SKYTRAX Award for Best Regional Airport in India and Central Asia – Kempegowda International Airport
IIFTC Tourism Impact Award 2020 – Zoya Akhtar
Paul Harris Fellow Recognition – CM K Palaniswami
E- Panchayat Puraskar -2020 – Himachal Pradesh
EY World Entrepreneur Of The Year 2020 – Kirann Mazumdar-Shaw
Chief Minister Darpan website and mobile app prepared for monitoring Chhattisgarh Government’s ambitious Suraji Gaon Scheme and other flagship schemes, has been awarded “ Elites Excellence Awards-2020 ” under the ‘Digital India initiative’.
Dada Saheb Phalke Award 2020 for a short documentary “Chi Lupo” – Kezang D Thongdok Richard Dawkins award – Javed Akhtar
List of Important Awards and Honours 2020 (Updated)
S. No. Award Awardee
1. Dr Dinesh Katre Emmett Leahy Award 2020
2. Paul Zacharia Ezhuthachan Puraskaram 2020
3. Hariharan JC Daniel Award for lifetime contribution to Malayalam Cinema 4. S Hareesh JCB Prize in Literature for 2020
5. Azim Premji Edelgive Hurun India Philanthropy List 2020
6. Ruskin Bond Tata Literature Live Lifetime Achievement Award 2020 7. Dr K S Subramanian Fertiliser Association of India (FAI) Golden Jubilee 8. Sadat Rahman International Children’s Peace Prize 2020
9. Douglas Stuart 2020 Booker Prize for Fiction
10. Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank Vatayan Lifetime Achievement Award 11. Naseeruddin Shah 2020 Aditya Vikram Birla Kala Shikhar Puraskar 12. Neel Choudhary and Irawati Karnik 2020 Aditya Vikram Birla Kalakiran Puraskar 13. Dr Bish Agrawal 2020 AESC (Association of Executive Search and Leadership Consultants) lifetime Achievement Award 2020
14. Sanjay Singh ‘2020 Gandhi Award’
15. Ratan Tata IACC (Indo-American Chamber of Commerce) lifetime and Global Excellence Award
16. Ales Bialiatsli (Belarus), Nasrin Sotoudeh (Iran), Bryan Stevenson (US) and Lottie Cunningham Wren (Nicaragua) Right Livelihood Award 2020
17. Nityanand Nayak (Odia Poet)Sarala Puraskar
18. Bank of Ghana Central Bank of the Year Award 2020
19. Mark Carney Governor of the year at Central Bank of the Year Award 2020 20. Aishwarya Sridhar 2020 Wildlife Photographer of the Year Award 21. Seema Gupta 17th annual Stevie Award for Women in Business
22. Dr Jajini Varghese ‘Outstanding Young Person of the World 2020’ 23. Global Himalayan Expedition (GHE) of India 2020 UN Global Climate Action Award 24. Dr Satish Mishra ‘Dr. Tulsi Das Chugh Award 2020’ by National Academy of Medical Sciences
25. Late Actor Om Puri Lifetime Achievement Award 2020 at 3rd India International Film Festival of Boston
26. Chef Vikas Khanna ‘Pride of India’, a special award at 3rd India International Film Festival of Boston
27. Nobel Prize in Peace 2020 World Food Programme (WFP)
28. Sarala Puraskar Odia poet, Nityanand Nayak
29. Nobel Prize in Literature 2020 American poet Louise Glück “for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal”. 30. Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna “for the development of a method for genome editing”.
31. Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 Roger Penrose for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity. The other half jointly to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy.
32. The Indo-American Chamber of Commerce (IACC) lifetime achievement Award Ratan Tata
33. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020 Harvey J. Alter(America), Charles M. Rice (America) and Michael Houghton (Britain) for the discovery of the Hepatitis C virus. 34. Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) Grand Title Winner 2020 for Marketing Kerala Tourism’s ‘Human by Nature Print Campaign’
35. Right Livelihood Award 2020 The four activists Ales Bialiatski of Belarus, Nasrin Sotoudeh of Iran, Bryan Stevenson of the United States(US) and Lottie Cunningham Wren of Nicaragua.
36. ‘National Energy Leader’ and ‘Excellent Energy Efficient Unit’ Awards at National Award for ‘Excellence in Energy Management’ Hyderabad International Airport or GMR led Rajiv Gandhi International Airport
37. ‘Excellent Energy Efficient Unit’ award by Confederation of Indian industry and Godrej Green Business Centre Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (Vizag Steel Plant) 38. Lifetime Achievement Awards by Euromoney Awards for Excellence 2020 Aditya Puri 39. Asia Game Changer Award 2020 Chef Vikas Khanna
40. 2020 Dayton Literacy Peace Prize’s Lifetime Achievement Margaret Atwood 41. Ig Noble Prize 2020 for Medical Education Prime Minister Narendra Modi 42. All India Football Federations Men’s Footballer of the Year 2019-20 Gurpreet Singh Sandhu (Goalkeeper)
43. All India Football Federations Women’s Footballer of the Year 2019-20 Sanju Yadav (Midfielder)
44. Gan Samragni Lata Mangeshkar Award 2020-21 Usha Mangeshkar 45. SDG Special Humanitarian Action Award Sonu Sood
46. Asian College of Journalism’s (ACJ) Award 2019 Nitin Sethi and Shiv Sahay Singh
47. ‘Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award 2019 Wing Commander Gajanand Yadava 48. Rashtritya Khel Protsahan Puraskar 2020 Army Sports Institute, Pune 49. International Booker Prize 2020 for her debut novel ‘The Discomfort of Evening’ Marieke Lucas Rijneveld
50. National Award to Teachers 2020 Sudha Painuli
51. First Gold Medal for India in Mental Calculations World Cup (MCWC) Neelakantha Bhanu Prakash Jonnalagadda
52. P C Mahalanobis Lifetime Achievement Award C Rangarajan 53. Carnegie Corporation of New York’s 2020 list of ‘Great Immigrants’Siddhartha Mukherjee and Raj Chetty
54. 2020 Diana Award Freya Thakral
55. Overall Winner of the 2020 Commonwealth Short Story Prize Kritika Pandey 56. Virtual Race Across America (VRAAM) 2020 Lt Col Bharat Pannu 57. Natvarya Prabhakar Panshikar Award Ratnakar Matkari
58. EU Green Building Award 2020 International Olympic Committee 59. CII-ITC Sustainability Award 2019 NTPC Ltd
60. 2020 Dada Saheb Phalke Award Kezang D Thongdok
61. ‘Development Marketplace Award 2020:Innovations to Address Gender-Based Violence’ Institute for Human Development (IHD)
62. Von Karman Award 2020 by International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) K Sivan 63. Mohun Bagan Ratna Award Hockey Player Gurubux Singh and Cricketer Palash Nandi 64. Elites Excellence Award 2020 Chhattisgarh CM Darpan website and mobile app 65. US-India Business Council (USIBC) Global Leadership Award 2020 N Chandrasekaran and Jim Taiclet
66. ‘Infra Business Leader of the year 2020 award by Rail Infra and Mobility Digital Award (RIMBDA)’ Ved Prakash Dudeja
67. Global Humanitarian Award 2020 Sachin Awasthi
68. CPJ (Committee to Protect Journalists) International Press Freedom Award 2020 Shahidul Alam (Bangladesh), Mohammad Mosaed (Iran), Dapo Olorunyomi (Nigeria) and Svetlana Prokopyeva (Russia)
69. 2020 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) Tribute Actor Award Kate Winslet 70. Nelson Mandella Prize 2020 Guinean doctor Morissana Kouyate and Marianna Vardinoyannis from Greece
71. ‘Legend of Animation’ Arnab Chaudhuri
72. Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity Greta Thunberg
73. President’s Award for Nurse in Singapore Kala Naryanasamy
74. Gustave Trouve Award for Excellence in Electric Boats and Boating Aditya 75. Premier League Golden Boot Football Award Jamie Vardy
76. ‘Karamveer Chakra Award’ Sunil YDV SS
77. EY World Entrepreneur of the Year 2020 Kiran Mazumdar Shaw 78. Richard Dawkins Award 2020Javed Akhtar
79. ‘NASA Distinguished Service Medal’ Renjith Kumar
80. Medal of the order of Australia (OAM) Shobha Sekhar
81. World Food Prize 2020 Rattan Lal
82. QualityNZ Culinary Cup 2020 in the category of Seafood challenge Chef Angad Singh Rana
83. QualityNZ Culinary Cup 2020 in the category of Mutton/lamb challenge Chef Vaibhav Bhargava
84. German Book Trade for 2020 Peace Prize Amrtya Sen
85. Lifetime Achievement Award of Vithabai Naryangaokar Gulabbai Sangamnerkar 86. 20th Annual BET Awards 2020 Popstar Beyonce
87. Commonwealth Short Story Prize 2020 Kritika Pandey
88. Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation Award Deccan Development Society 89. e-Panchayat Puraskar-2020 Himachal Pradesh
90. American Academy of Arts and Sciences Prof. Shobhana Narasimhan 91. Naming NASA’s 1st Mars Helicopter Vaneeza Rupani
92. Russia’s 1st Satellite to Monitor Arctic Climate Arktika-M
93. Young Career Award in Nano Science and Technology for the year 2020 Saurabh Lodha
94. 2020 Pulitzer Prize in feature photography Indian journalist Dar Yasin, Mukhtar Khan, and Channi Anand
95. Marcus Wallenberg Prize 2020 Joseph J Landsberg, Richard H Waring, and Nicholas C Coops
96. Startup India Animal Husbandry Grand Challenge Awards White Gold Technologies LLP, Mumbai
97. SKYTRAX Award 2020 in the category of Best Regional Airport in India and Central Asia Kempegowda International Airport, Bangalore
98. SKYTRAX Award 2020 in the category of World’s Best Airport Changi Airport of Singapore
99. Best airport staff in India and Central Asia category Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai
100. Fed Cup Heart Award for Aisa/Oceania Zone Sania Mirza
101. VMware 2020 Regional Partner of the Year Award for the Services Excellence category Anunta
102. Vice Admiral G.M. Hiranandani Memorial Rolling Trophy for the year 2020Lieutenant Commander Akshay Kumar
103. UN Military Gender Advocate of the Year 2019 Suman Gawani 104. NYIPLA “Inventor of the Year award” for the year 2020 Rajiv Joshi 105. Christophe Merieux Prize Quarraisha Abdool Karim
106. ‘Hero to Animals Award’ by PETA India Chief Minister of Odisha, Naveen Patnaik 107. Chinese Virtual Grand Prix Championship Charles Leclerc
108. Inclusion in The Medicine Maker Power List 20 For 2020 Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw 109. William E. Colby Award 2020 Adam Higginbotham
110. 13th edition of the International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF) in 2020 Novelist Abdelouahab Aissaoui
111. Wisden’s Leading Cricketer 2020 Men England All-rounder Ben Stokes 112. Wisden’s Leading Cricketer 2020 Women Ellyse Perry of Australia 113. Edison Award Tata Power for campaign ‘Club Enerji #Switchoff2SwitchOn’ 114. Forbes billionaires list “The Richest in 2020” Jeff Bezos
115. 128th Commonwealth Points of Light Award winner Jadav Payeng 116. MS Swaminathan Award V Praveen Rao
117. Chameli Devi Jain Award Arfa Sherwani & Rohini Mohan
118. Hemingway Award 2020 Novelist Ruchika Tomar
119. IIFTC Tourism Impact Award 2020 Zoya Akhtar
120. 2019 Road Safety Media Fellowship Award Prachi Salve, Pradeep Dwivedi 121. Moghai Ojah Award Paramananda Majumder
122. Ugandas Highest Civilian Award Rajesh Chaplot
123. National Award DRDO
124. 1st Position for the Implementation of Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana Madhya Pradesh
125. 1st Men’s section Khelo India Ice Hockey tournament 2020 Ladakh Scouts Regimental Centre (LSRC) Red
126. 2019 FIH Women’s Rising Star of the Year Lalremsiami
127. SERB Women Excellence Award-2020 Dr Niti Kumar
128. 34th Cannes Open D Gukesh
129. ‘Central Banker of the Year 2020’ for the Asia-Pacific region Shaktikanta Das 130. 1st Mathrubhumi Book of the Year Award Vinod Kumar Shukla 131. Lifetime Achievement Award by International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) Pullela Gopichand
132. Dan David Prize 2020Gita Sen
133. Miss Diva Universe 2020 Adline Castelino
134. National e-Governance Award RailMadad
135. Laureus World Sportsman of the Year Award Lewis Hamilton and Footballer Lionel Messi
136. Mystic Kalinga Literary Award Manoj das
137. French honour for Theatre Artiste Sanjana Kapoor
138. National Award for Implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana South Salmara Mankachar of Assam
139 Swami Vivekananda Karmayogi Award 2020 Jadav Payeng 140. ‘Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu National Award for Excellence’ Dr M S Swaminathan 141. ‘Muppavarapu National Award for Social Service’ Dr Gutta Muniratnam 142. Polly Umrigar Award Jasprit Bumrah
143. ‘World Games Athlete of the Year’ Award Rani Rampal
144. Global Bihar Excellence Award 2019 Piyush Jaiswal
145. Miss Teen International 2019 Aayushi Dholakia
146. Global Child Prodigy Award 2020 Indian girl Sucheta Satish & Indian Yoga Boy Ishwar Sharma
147. Costa Children’s Award 2019 Jasbinder Bilan
148. 29th Saraswati Samman Vasdev Mohi
149. “Merck Young Scientist Award 2019” Sakya Singha Sen
150. Cisco Youth Leadership Award 2019 Priya Prakash
151. Kerala National Media Award N. Ram
152. ‘Harit Ratna Award 2019’ Dr N Kumar
153. 1st Prize at the Republic Day Parade, 2020 Tableaux of Assam
154. Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) by Calcutta University Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee 155. 2020 Tyler Prize Pavan Sukhdev
156. Padma Shri award from Telangana Farmer Chinthala Venkat Reddy 157. 2020 Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar AwardDisaster Mitigation & Management Centre (DMMC)
158. Plastic Waste Management Award 2020 Assam’s Dibrugarh district
Odisha: General Information
Capital: Bhubaneswar
Chief Minister: Naveen Patnaik
Governor: Ganeshi Lal.
Odisha Day: 1st April
Odisha’s highest mountain range – Deomali hills
Folk dances of Odisha: Chow Dance
Odisha High Court, Cuttack is the High Court of the state of Odisha
Total Number of districts: 30
Important Rivers and Dams of Odisha
S.No Rivers Important Dams
1 Mahanadi River Hirakud Dam
2 Machkund River Jalaput Dam
3 Jonk River Patora Dam
4 Brahmani River Rengali Dam
5 Sankha River Mandira Dam
The list of Important Lakes of Odisha
S.No Lakes Located In /Near By Remark
1 Chillika Lake It extends from Bhusandpur in Puri district in the North to Rambha-Malud in Ganjan district Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon
2 Anshupa Lake Opposite Banki in Cuttack district Odisha’s largest freshwater lake 3 Kanjia Lake Northern outskirts of Bhubaneswar Natural lake
Important Thermal, Nuclear and Hydroelectricity Power Plants
S.No. Name of Power Plant Type Location Remark
1 Talcher Thermal Power Station Thermal Angul in Odisha It is the second largest power plant in India, coal-fired power plants
2 IB Thermal Power Station Thermal Jharsuguda town in Jharsuguda district Coal-fired power plants
3 Hirakud Power Plant Thermal Hirakud in Sambalpur district Coal-fired power plants
Important National Parks, Bird and Wildlife Sanctuary Of Odisha
S.No Name Location
1 Similipal Simlipal National Park is a national park and a tiger reserve in the Mayurbhanj district
2 Bhitarkanika Bhitarkanika National Park is a national park located in the Kendrapara District. The park is home to Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), White Crocodile, Indian python, King Cobra, black ibis, darters and many other species of flora and fauna. 3 Satkosia Gorge Satkosia Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve located in the Angul district.
4 Hadgarh Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj districts.
5 Nandankanan Zoological Park A midst the natural beauty of natural forest adjacent to Chandaka-Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary, Nandankanan lies in the vicinity of Kanjia lake. Important Stadiums in Odisha
Stadium City
Kalinga Stadium (Hockey Stadium) Bhubaneswar
Barabati Stadium (cricket stadium) Cuttak
East Coast Railway Stadium (cricket stadium) Bhubaneswar
List of important Festivals of Odisha
S.No. Festivals Remarks
1 Chandan Yatra Chandan Yatra also known as Gandhalepana yatra is the longest festival observed at Jagannath temple at Puri, India.
2 Durga Puja Odisha Worship to the goddess of power is celebrated by the entire Hindu fraternity in general and Bengalis in particular in the form of Durga puja.
3 Puri Rath Yatra Ratha Yatra is a Hindu festival associated with Lord Jagannath held at Puri in the state of Odisha
4 Dola Purnima Dola Purnima or Holi is a popular festival of Orissa.
5 Deva Snana Purnima Snana Purnima is the day the deities are bathed by 108 pitchers of water brought from the well near Sitala temple in the precincts of the Jagannatha temple.
6 Konark Dance Festival Eminent classical dancers from all over the country get together to pay tribute to a master piece in stone- Sun temple at Konark
The list of important Temples of Odisha
S.No. Temples City
1 Jagannath Temple Puri
2 Konark Sun Temple Konark
3 Brahmeshwar Temple Brahmeshwar
4 Mukteswar Temple Bhubaneswar
5 Parasurameswara Temple Bhubaneswar
Important Tribes of Odisha:·
Sauras
Kondhs
Santals
Bondas
Bhumias
Gonds
Oraons
Koyas
Didayees
Holuva
Gadaba
Matia
Dharua
Paraja
Bathudi
Kolha
Odisha Day or Utkal Divas
Odisha Day or Utkala Divas is celebrated to commemorate the formation of the state of Odisha in 1936 when it got segregated from Bihar and Bengal. Once a part of Kalinga ruled by emperor Ashok, the state is situated at the eastern part of India and has evolved with its own cultural heritage. On the occasion of Odisha Day, we are providing you with the Historical, Geographical and political features of Odisha containing the static awareness of the state useful to enhance your knowledge about the state.
Nobel Prize
It is the most coveted international award of the world.
It was instituted by the inventor of dynamite, Alfred Bernard Nobel (1833-96). The award is given on Dec. 10, which is the death anniversary of its founder. Nobel made a trust from the money that he earned through the patent of his invention whose interest is used to give the money for the Nobel Prizes.
Nobel Prize is given every year to those eminent persons who have made pioneering achievements in the field of
Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Peace, Literature and Economics.
Apart from Economics, all other categories have been given since 1901. Economics Nobel Prize was instituted in 1967 and was first given in 1969.
Ramon Magsaysay Award
They were instututed in 1957 and named after Ramon Magsaysay, the late President of Philippines, who died in an air crash.
This award is given annually on Aug. 31, for outstanding contributions to public service, community leadership, journalism, literature and creative arts and international understanding. They are often regarded as the Nobel Prize of Asia.
Recipients
Indian Recipient: Mother Teresa (1962), Jockin Arputham (2000), L. Ramdas (2004).
For Lterature, Journalism and Creative Communication Arts : Amitabh Chaudhury (1961), Satyajit Ray (1967), B, G, Vergheese (1975), Shambu Mitra (1976), Gour Kishore Ghosh (1981), Arun Shourie (1982), R, K, Lakshman (1984), K, V, Subbanna (1991), Mahasweta Devi (1997), P. Sainath (2007).
For Community Leadership : Acharya Vinobha Bhave (1958), Dara N, Khurodi , Thribhuvan Das K, Patel and Vergheese Kurian (1963), Kamaladevi Chattopdhyaya (1966), M, S, Swaminathan (1971), L, R, Bhat (1977), Rajanikant S, Arole and Mabelle R, Arole (1979), Panduranga Athavale (1996), Ms. Aruna Roy (2000), Rajendra Singh (2001), Ms. Shanta Sinha (2003), Prakash Amte and his wife Mandakini Amte (2008).
For Public Service : Jaya Prakash Narayan (1965), M, S, Subalakshmi (1974), Manibhai Desai (1982), Muralidhar Devidas Amte (1985), L, C, Jain (1989), M S Mehta (1997), V, Sharma (2005)
For Government Service : C, D, Deshmukh (1959), Kiran Bedi (1994), T, N, Seshan (1996), J, M, Lyngodh (2003).
For Emergent Leadership : Sandeep Pandey (2002), Arvind Kejriwal (2006).
Man Booker Prize
It is the highest literary award given to the authors of British, Irish and Commonwealth countries.
It was instituted in 1968 by the Booker Company and the British Publishers Association along the lines of Pulitzer Prize of US.
Booker Prize has been renamed as Man Booker Prize, as the sponsorship has been taken over by the Man Group, an international stockbroker.
Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding
It was instituted in 1965 by the Government of India.
It is given annually to persons for outstanding contributions to the promotion of international understanding and goodwill among the people of the world.
Oscar Awards
These awards were instituted in 1929 and conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures in USA.
These are considered the most prestigious awards in the cinema world.
The first Indian to get an Oscar was Bhanu Athaiya for the movie ‘Gandhi’.
Satyajit Ray was the first Indian who was awarded Oscar for lifetime achievements in cinema in 1992.
Grammy Awards
The GRAMMY Foundation was established in 1989 to cultivate an awareness, appreciation and advancement of the contribution of recorded music. American culture from the artistic and technical legends of the past to the still unimagined musical breakthroughs of the future generations of the music professionals. The GRAMMY Foundation works in partnership with its founder, the Recording Academy, to bring national attention to important issues such as the value and impact of music and arts education and the urgency of preserving rich cultural legacy.
Right Livelihood Award
It was instituted in 1980 by the Right Livelihood Society, London.
It is renowned as alternate Nobel Award to promote and contribute in the environment and social justice.
Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize
It was instituted in 1995 by the Government of India.
It is presented for international peace on the lines of Nobel Prize.
Unesco Peace Prize
It is presented by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisatic (UNESCO) for extraordinary contributions for international peace.
Unesco Human Rights Award
It is also presented by UNESCO for contributions in the field of Human Rights Awareness.
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